A brachial artery pseudoaneurysm in the form of a “malignant tumour” as a complication of a proximal humerus exostosis

/0 Comments/in /by

Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 3 | Issue 1 | Jan- June 2019 | Page 3-6 | Michał Górecki, Piotr Czarnecki

Authors: Michał Górecki [1], Piotr Czarnecki [2].

[1] Student Research Group of Hand Surgery, University of Medical Sciences Poznań, Poland
[2] Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery of Viktor Dega Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Clinical Hospital

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Michał Górecki,
Mścibora 74, 61-062 Poznań, Poland
E-mail: michalmgorecki@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Osteochondromas are the most common form of benign bone tumour. They are mostly asymptomatic, but sometimes they can irritate surrounding structures, like vessels or nerves, and cause complications. More often they apply to the lower extremities, especially around the knee joint. Osteochondromas which cause complications in the upper extremities are much less common. This paper presents a rare case of a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm as a complication of a proximal humerus exostosis, which was initially described and treated as malignant tumour of the arm. A comprehensive review of the literature has also been carried out.
Methods: A 19-year-old male patient was admitted with acute pain of the left arm. Eight years earlier he had been diagnosed with hereditary multiple osteochondromas. Examination revealed a palpable, non-painful tumour of the axilla’s area and the posterior part of the left arm. An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast demonstrated three osteochondromas in the area of the proximal humerus. From the free end of one of these, a big, nodular structure was spreading. From the MRI, a chondrosarcoma was suspected. Samples were taken for histopathological examination. After the surgery, increased pulsations were observed around the operative area. A ultrasonography (USG) revealed a fibrotic pseudoaneurysm of the left brachial artery. Histopathological examination showed deposits of heamosiderin without any cancer cells. With the change in diagnosis, the next stage of treatment was planned – artery reconstruction using a saphenous vein graft and an osteochondroma excision.
Results: A few weeks after surgery, the patient recovered full function of the upper extremity and did not report any discomfort. A control USG showed proper flow through the brachial artery and venous graft.
Conclusion: In the case of a tumour in the area of an osteochondroma, caused by trauma, a pseudoaneurysm should be suspected. Diagnostic and therapeutic treatment must be properly planned, as unrecognised it could cause a severe, life-threatening haemorrhage during the operation.
Keywords: pseudoaneurysm, osteochondroma, malignant transformation, brachial artery, chondrosarcoma.

References

1. Reijnders C, Hameetman L, VMG Bovée J. Bone: Osteochondroma. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2009;13(9):678–80.
2. Kitsoulis P, Galani V, Stefanaki K, Paraskevas G, Karatzias G, Agnantis NJ, et al. Osteochon-dromas: review of the clinical, radiological and pathological features. Vivo Athens Greece. 2008 Oct;22(5):633–46.
3. Wuyts W, Schmale GA, Chansky HA, Raskind WH. Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, et al., editors. Ge-neReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993 [cited 2019 Mar 28]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1235/
4. Herget GW, Kontny U, Saueressig U, Baumhoer D, Hauschild O, Elger T, et al. [Osteochon-droma and multiple osteochondromas: recommendations on the diagnostics and follow-up with special consideration to the occurrence of secondary chondrosarcoma]. Radiol. 2013 Dec;53(12):1125–36 (in German).
5. Raherinantenaina F, Rakoto-Ratsimba HN, Rajaonanahary TMA. Management of extremity arterial pseudoaneurysms associated with osteochondromas. Vascular. 2016 Dec;24(6):628–37.
6. Turley K, Watson R, Joseph T. Osteochondroma. In: Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Mar 28]. Available from: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P00125
7. Nasr B, Albert B, David CH, Marques da Fonseca P, Badra A, Gouny P. Exostoses and vascu-lar complications in the lower limbs: two case reports and review of the literature. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015 Aug;29(6):1315.e7-1315.e14.
8. Beauchamp-Chalifour P, Pelet S. Osteochondroma of the Scapula with Accessory Nerve (XI) Compression. Case Rep Orthop [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 28]; Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crior/2018/7018109/
9. Aldashash F, Elraie M. Solitary osteochondroma of the proximal femur causing sciatic nerve compression. Ann Saudi Med. 2017;37(2):166–9.
10. Payne R, Sieg E, Fox E, Harbaugh K, Rizk E. Management of nerve compression in multiple hereditary exostoses: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst ChNS Off J Int Soc Pediatr Neurosurg. 2016 Dec;32(12):2453–8.
11. Aouini F, Garali W, Saaidi A, El Mahdi A, Mechergui S, Jabeur C, et al. [Nerve and deep vein compression by femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with multiple exostosis]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 2015 Apr;64(2):113–5 (in French).
12. Göçmen S, Topuz AK, Atabey C, Şimşek H, Keklikçi K, Rodop O. Peripheral nerve injuries due to osteochondromas: analysis of 20 cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2014 May;120(5):1105–12.
13. Gerrand CH. False aneurysm and brachial plexus palsy complicating a proximal humeral exos-tosis. J Hand Surg Edinb Scotl. 1997 Jun;22(3):413–5.
14. Lucarelli DD, Subram A. Type IV popliteal arterial entrapment associated with an osteochon-droma. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech. 2017 Apr 25;3(2):66–8.
15. Ruales Romero AM, Doiz Artazcoz E, Craven-Bartle Coll A, Gonzalez Calbo A, Rodríguez Piñero M. Thrombosed Popliteal Artery Pseudoaneurysm as Herald of Tibial Osteochondroma. EJVES Short Rep. 2016 Oct 17;33:27–31.
16. Gouicem D, Palcau L, Hello CL, Coffin O, Maiza D, Berger L. Gigantic clavicle osteochon-droma with carotid compression as a rare cause of stroke. J Vasc Surg. 2013 Mar;57(3):845–7.
17. Joo Han O, Kim JY, Kang M, Bae T, Lee T. Deep Vein Thrombosis Associated with Femur Osteochondroma: Report of a Case. Ann Vasc Dis. 2009;2(3):178–81.
18. Yasuda N, Nakai S, Nakai T, Outani H, Takenaka S, Hamada K, et al. A pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery probably pierced by a bone spike arising in the spontaneously regressed os-teochondroma: A case report. J Orthop Sci [Internet]. 2018 Oct 11 [cited 2019 Mar 28];0(0). Available from: https://www.journaloforthopaedicscience.com/article/S0949-2658(18)30253-7/abstract
19. Bateman DK, Bar-Eli HY, Rahimi SA, Bowe JA. Post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of brachial artery in multiple hereditary exostoses. BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Jun 27;2018.
20. Takahashi A, Uchida T, Hamasaki A, Kuroda Y, Eiichi O, Yamashita A, et al. Popliteal Artery Pseudoaneurysm Associated with Osteochondroma. Ann Vasc Dis. 2017 Sep 25;10(3):257–60.
21. Sakata T, Mogi K, Sakurai M, Nomura A, Fujii M, Takahara Y. Popliteal Artery Pseudoaneu-rysm Caused by Osteochondroma. Ann Vasc Surg. 2017 Aug 1;43:313.e5-313.e7.
22. Papacharalampous G, Galyfos G, Geropapas G, Giannakakis S, Maltezos C. False Arterial Aneurysm due to Long Bone Exostosis: Presentation of Two Cases and Update on Proper Management. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015;29(4):842.e19-22.
23. Gyedu, Arslan, Koksoy. Hand ischemia caused by solitary humeral exostosis irritating the brachial artery. Vasa. 2011 Jul 1;40(4):320–2.
24. Nevelsteen A, Pype P, Broos P, Suy R. Brachial artery rupture due to an exostosis: brief report. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988 Aug;70-B(4):672–672.
25. Scotti C, Marone EM, Brasca LE, Peretti GM, Chiesa R, Del Maschio A, et al. Pseudoaneu-rysm overlying an osteochondroma: a noteworthy complication. J Orthop Traumatol Off J Ital Soc Orthop Traumatol. 2010 Dec;11(4):251–5.
26. Villanueva-Garcia E, Bas-Hermida P, Espinosa-Lledo C. Pseudoaneurysm of the brachial ar-tery caused by an osteochondroma. A report of two cases. Int Orthop. 1995;19(4):248–50.
27. Koenig SJ, Toth AP, Martinez S, Fletcher JW, Goldner RD. Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Brachial Artery Caused by an Osteochondroma, Mimicking Biceps Rupture in a Weightlifter: A Case Report. Am J Sports Med. 2004 Jun 1;32(4):1049–53.
28. Katayama T, Ono H, Furuta K. Osteochondroma of the lunate with extensor tendons rupture of the index finger: a case report. Hand Surg. 2011 Jan 1;16(02):181–4.
29. Cho C-H, Jung G-H, Song K-S, Min B-W, Bae K-C, Lee K-J. Osteochondroma of the bicipital tuberosity causing an avulsion of the distal biceps tendon. Orthopedics. 2010 Nov 2;33(11):849.
30. Kim JP, Seo JB, Kim MH, Yoo MJ, Min BK, Moon SY. Osteochondroma Associated With Complete Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon: Case Report. J Hand Surg. 2010 Aug 1;35(8):1340–3.
31. Canella P, Gardini F, Boriani S. Exostosis: development, evolution and relationship to malig-nant degeneration. Ital J Orthop Traumatol. 1981 Dec;7(3):293–8.
32. Garrison RC, Unni KK, McLeod RA, Pritchard DJ, Dahlin DC. Chondrosarcoma arising in osteochondroma. Cancer. 1982 May 1;49(9):1890–7.
33. Tobias A, Chang B. A Rare Brachial Artery Pseudoaneurysm 13 Years After Excision of a Humeral Osteochondroma. Ann Plast Surg. 2004 Apr 1;52(4):419–22.
34. Vasseur M-A, Fabre O. Vascular complications of osteochondromas. J Vasc Surg. 2000 Mar 1;31(3):532–8.

How to Cite this article: Górecki M, Czarnecki P. A brachial artery pseudoaneurysm in the form of a “malignant tumour” as a complication of a proximal humerus exostosis. Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Jan- June 2019;3(1):3-6.

(Abstract    Full Text HTML)      (Download PDF)

Why a new Shoulder and Elbow Journal?

/0 Comments/in /by

Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | Oct-Dec 2016 | Page 2-3 | José Carlos Garcia Jr.

Author: José Carlos Garcia Jr. [1].

[1] NAEON-Santa Catarina Hospital

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Jose Carlos Garcia Jr., MD, MSc, PhD
NÆON-Hospital Santa Catarina-SP-Brazil
Email: jose.cjunior@hsl.org.br

Most Shoulder and Elbow Surgery journals are written in a far beyond context than most developing countries are up to. Distinguished features related to developed countries impact on the way people make surgeries, use materials and even make researches.

Availability of materials and devices, costs, local regulatory agencies and many other points need to be considered when talking about developing countries.Sometimes solutions adapted for these countries will not make sense for people of developed countries, with a different reality.
Then researches using some of the developing countries’ solutions will don’t make sense for reviewers from developed countries.
In the opposite side, discussing these solutions may be very important to develop shoulder and elbow surgery in developing countries. It is not about making second class researches, it is about looking researches within a different way of view. The first answer therefore is: We made this journal because we need to discuss issues adapted to our reality. We need to demonstrate results that can improve techniques possible to be reproduced all over the world. Consequently we will need to makeresearches that can be more suitable to our day by day. It does not mean bad research or bad results, it means a different way to make good things.
The second answer is: Because low cost innovations will make the world better and more equal. This journal has begun with an editorial board capable of diffusing the most recent concepts at no cost, making data easy to spread and replicate.
The third answer is: Considering that, in general, developing countries need some degree of refinement in shoulder and elbow surgery yet, transformations will be required. A rational step towards this new paradigm is an intersection of the two worlds, developed and developing countries.
This journal aims to promote this intersection by using new surgical techniques, researches and symposiums. As one wants to go further, one must have a general panorama of what is going on around to better know where to go. That is the purpose of the Current Concepts section of this journal whose content is a summary of the main journals of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. It is not intend to explore the deepness of all research published but just a general panorama. Our concept is by accessing just this journal one can know what is going on around the world of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery and also have access to researches, symposiums and many other academical papers.
Combining all these characteristics in a single journal is essential to make surgeons updated and open minded to innovations.
This journal also begins by bringing a new concept to understand researches within the surgical field, it uses new ideas from IDEAL-Collaboration, Oxford, aiming to improve research methodology on surgical field.
We hope Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery can be the new channel for all orthopedic surgeons interested in the area.
You are invited to be our reader, contributor and friend.

Warm Regards

José Carlos Garcia Jr.
Editor-in-Chief

How to Cite this article:.JC Garcia Jr. Why a new Shoulder and Elbow Journal?. Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Oct – Dec 2016;1(1):1

José Carlos Garcia Jr., MD

José Carlos Garcia Jr., MD

(Abstract    Full Text HTML)      (Download PDF)

The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker ➤ Access All Content Easily

/in /by

Get The Sims 4 DLC for Free: A Guide

We all love playing The Sims 4, right? It’s a game where we can create our own world, design our dream houses, and live out various scenarios with our Sims. But, sometimes, the base game might feel a bit limited. That’s where downloadable content (DLC) comes in, offering new adventures, outfits, and features. However, DLCs can be expensive, and not everyone can afford them. That’s why we’re excited to share how you can get The Sims 4 DLC for free!

What is The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker?

The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker is a fantastic tool that lets us unlock additional content without spending a dime. It’s safe, free, and legal, making it the perfect solution for gamers on a budget. With this tool, we can easily access expansion packs, game packs, and other downloadable content that enhance our base game. Whether you’re playing on Steam, Origin, or a Mac, this tool works seamlessly across platforms.

How Does it Work?

  • Downloadable Content Access: The tool grants us access to a wide range of DLCs, including expansion packs unlock and game packs access.
  • Base Game Enhancement: It not only unlocks DLC but also enhances the base game, providing a richer gaming experience.
  • Compatibility: Designed for various platforms, it ensures Sims 4 platform compatibility, including Steam DLC unlock, Origin DLC access, and Mac systems DLC unlock.

Why Use The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker?

  1. Free DLC Access: Who doesn’t love free stuff? Access all Sims 4 packs without spending any money.
  2. Unlock Sims 4 Expansions: Get your hands on the latest Sims 4 expansion packs and game packs for more fun.
  3. Game Enhancement: Improve your base game with additional features and content for a better gaming experience.
  4. Safe and Legal: It’s a worry-free solution that’s both safe and legal to use.

🎮 Unlock Your Gaming Potential: With The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker, we can unlock a world of possibilities. Imagine designing homes with furniture from the latest game packs or exploring new towns with expansion packs. It’s all within reach, and best of all, it’s free!

How to Use The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker on Windows

Using The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker on Windows is a game-changer for us. It opens up a world of free DLC access, expansion packs, and game packs that we could only dream of before. But, to make the magic happen, we need to know how to properly use it. Don’t worry; it’s easier than it sounds, and we’re here to guide you through every step. Whether you’re looking to unlock Sims 4 expansions or just enhance your base game with Sims 4 game packs, this tool is your ticket to a richer Sims 4 experience.

The Anadius Unlocker V2 Explained

The Anadius Unlocker V2 is a special version of The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker designed for Windows users. It’s a powerful DLC access tool that lets us modify game files to unlock additional content without any cost. Think of it as a key that opens up all the locked doors in The Sims 4, giving us access to every room filled with exciting new gameplay options. This version is especially user-friendly, making Sims 4 game enhancement and content modification a breeze.

  • Sims 4 DLC Tool: It’s more than just a way to get free stuff; it’s a tool that enhances the entire game.
  • Game Modification Tools: With it, we can tweak and adjust our game to our liking, accessing content that was previously out of reach.
  • Unlock Game Features: From new outfits to entire neighborhoods, the possibilities are endless.

Steps to Locate Your Legal Game File

Before we can start using the Anadius Unlocker V2, we need to find our legal game file. This step is crucial because the unlocker needs to modify the right files to unlock Sims 4 packs and DLC content. Here’s how we do it:

  1. Open File Explorer: Click on the folder icon on your taskbar to open File Explorer.
  2. Go to the Game Installation Directory: Navigate to where The Sims 4 is installed on your computer. This is usually under “Program Files (x86)” on your C: drive, but it might be different if you installed the game somewhere else.
  3. Find the Game File: Look for the file named “TS4.exe” or something similar. This is the file the DLC Unlocker will need to modify.

🔍 Tip: If you’re having trouble finding your game file, right-click on The Sims 4 shortcut on your desktop and select “Properties.” Under the “Shortcut” tab, click “Open File Location.” This will take you directly to the folder where your game is installed.

Compatibility and Installation for Mac Users

For us Mac users, getting The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker to work on our systems might seem a bit tricky at first. But, don’t worry! We’re here to guide you through the process, ensuring that you can enjoy free DLC access and unlock Sims 4 expansions without any hiccups. The great news is that this tool is fully compatible with Mac, allowing us to enhance our base game with Sims 4 game packs, expansion packs, and more.

Using the DLC Unlocker for Mac Systems

To get started with The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker on Mac, there are a few steps we need to follow. First, make sure your game is up to date. This tool works best with the latest version of The Sims 4.

  • Check for Game Updates: Open your game client (like Origin or Steam) and ensure your version of The Sims 4 is updated.
  • Download the DLC Unlocker: Look for the Mac-compatible version of the tool. Remember, it’s designed to be safe and easy to use.
  • Installation Process: Once downloaded, you might need to unzip the file. Then, simply follow the instructions to install the unlocker. Usually, it involves dragging and dropping files into your Sims 4 directory.

🍏 Tip: Make sure to allow any permissions the unlocker might request. This is necessary for it to modify game files and unlock game features on Mac systems.

Origin DLC Unlocker v1 Overview

For those of us using Origin on Mac, there’s a specific version of the DLC unlocker tailored for us – the Origin DLC Unlocker v1. This version is designed to work seamlessly with Origin, allowing us to unlock Sims 4 packs and access all Sims 4 packs without any trouble.

  • Compatibility: It’s made to be fully compatible with Origin, ensuring that we can unlock DLC content without affecting our game’s performance.
  • Easy to Use: Like its counterparts, the Origin DLC Unlocker v1 is user-friendly. It guides us through the process, making it simple to unlock Sims 4 expansions and game packs.

🎮 Enjoying More Content: With this tool, we’re no longer limited to the base game. We can explore new worlds, wear new outfits, and enjoy the Sims 4 to its fullest, all thanks to the DLC unlocker’s compatibility and ease of use on Mac systems.

FAQs on The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker

Is DLC Unlocker safe?

When we talk about using The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker, one of the first questions we have is about safety. We all want to make sure that anything we download or use on our computers won’t cause problems, right? Well, we’ve got good news! The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker is designed with safety in mind. It’s a tool that’s been created to help us enjoy more of the game without worrying about harmful effects on our computers or our game files.

Keeping Your Game and Computer Safe

  • No Harmful Software: The tool is clean, meaning it doesn’t come with any viruses or malware that could harm our computer.
  • Legal to Use: It’s also important to know that using this tool is legal. We’re not breaking any rules by enhancing our game with it.
  • Protects Game Files: The unlocker is designed to work with our game without corrupting files or causing glitches.

Using The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker is a worry-free way to expand our game. We can rest easy knowing our computers and game files are safe.

How to unlock expansion packs in Sims 4?

Unlocking expansion packs in The Sims 4 is like opening a treasure chest of new adventures. With The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker, it’s super easy to do! This tool allows us to access all those cool packs that add so much fun to our game without having to buy them. Imagine having all those new cities, careers, and stories to explore without spending extra money!

Steps to Unlock the Fun

  1. Use the DLC Unlocker: First, we make sure we have the DLC Unlocker downloaded and installed.
  2. Choose Your Packs: Then, we select which expansion packs we want to add to our game.
  3. Enjoy New Adventures: Start the game, and voila! We’re ready to dive into new experiences with our Sims.

It’s like having a magic key that unlocks every door in The Sims 4 world for us to explore.

What is the cheat to unlock all content in Sims 4?

Sometimes, we just want to skip the waiting and get straight to the fun part, right? Well, in The Sims 4, there’s a way to do just that. While The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker is our go-to tool for unlocking game packs and expansion packs, there’s also a cheat code we can use in the game to unlock all the content. This cheat doesn’t exactly work like the DLC Unlocker, as it’s more about unlocking items within the game rather than the downloadable packs.

The Magic Words

  • Open the Cheat Console: Press Ctrl + Shift + C on our keyboard.
  • Enter the Cheat: Type “bb.ignoregameplayunlocksentitlement” and hit enter.

This cheat lets us use all the items that we’d usually have to earn by playing through different careers or achievements. It’s a quick way to get access to all the cool stuff!

Which Sims 4 expansion pack is free?

We often wonder if we can get any expansion packs for free without using The Sims 4 DLC Unlocker. The truth is, most of the expansion packs need to be purchased if we’re going through the official channels like Origin or Steam. However, sometimes there are special promotions or giveaways where an expansion pack might be offered for free for a limited time. It’s all about keeping an eye out for these opportunities.

Staying in the Loop

  • Check Official Sources: Keep an eye on The Sims 4 social media pages and official website for announcements.
  • Look for Promotions: Sometimes, platforms like Origin or Steam might have special deals or giveaways.

While it’s rare to find free expansion packs, these special occasions do happen, giving us a chance to grab something cool for our game without spending money.

binary option trading telegram groups ✓ Top 6 Channels for Signals

/0 Comments/in /by

Join the Best Binary Option Trading Telegram Groups Today

binary option trading telegram groups connect with top communities for expert insights and strategies to enhance your trading success

Joining the best binary option trading Telegram groups is super exciting! I love being part of a community where I can learn and share trading tips. These groups help me understand market movements and improve my trading strategies.

In these groups, I get access to:

  • High-accuracy signals: I receive precise trading signals that guide my decisions.
  • Market predictions: I can see what experts think will happen next in the market.
  • Trading knowledge sharing: Everyone shares their experiences, which helps me learn faster.

I can also join discussions about binary options trading strategies and get real-time updates. Plus, I can connect with other binary options traders and enhance my trading experience.

Don’t miss out! Discover the world of binary option trading Telegram groups, where traders unite to share insights, strategies, and high-accuracy signals.

Top 10 Binary Option Signals Telegram Groups

binary option trading telegram groups connect you with top trading communities for insights and strategies to enhance your trading experience

Being part of the top 10 binary option signals Telegram groups is a game-changer for me! These groups are filled with traders who share valuable insights and strategies. I get to learn from their experiences and improve my trading skills.

Overview of Popular Groups

In these popular groups, I find a mix of traders, from beginners to experts. They share their trading journeys and help each other succeed. Some of the groups I love include:

  • Binary Signals Telegram: Great for real-time updates.
  • Options Trading Signals Telegram: Focuses on strategies.
  • Non-MTG Binary Signals Telegram: Offers unique insights.

These groups keep me motivated and informed!

Features of High-Accuracy Signal Groups

High-accuracy signal groups are my favorite! They provide:

  • Precise trading signals: I can trust these signals to make informed decisions.
  • Market analysis: I get to see detailed breakdowns of market movements.
  • Trading group discussions: Engaging conversations help me understand different perspectives.

These features really enhance my trading experience!

How to Join These Telegram Groups

Joining these Telegram groups is super easy! I just need to:

  1. Search for the group name on Telegram.
  2. Click on the join button.
  3. Introduce myself and start participating!

I love being part of these communities and learning from others. Don’t wait—join today and boost your trading skills!

Binary Signals Telegram: What You Need to Know

binary option trading telegram groups connect with top communities for expert insights and strategies to enhance your trading success

Binary signals Telegram groups are amazing! I can find helpful information about trading. These groups share trading signals that help me make better decisions. I can learn about market predictions and strategies from experienced traders.

Understanding Binary Signals

Binary signals are like clues that tell me when to buy or sell. They help me understand when the market might go up or down. I can trust these signals because they come from experts who analyze the market closely.

Benefits of Using Binary Signals in Trading

Using binary signals in trading has many benefits! Here are some of them:

  • Improved accuracy: I can make better trades with precise signals.
  • Time-saving: I don’t have to spend hours analyzing the market.
  • Community support: I can ask questions and get help from other traders.

These benefits make my trading experience much better!

Recommended Telegram Channels for Binary Signals

I love joining different Telegram channels for binary signals! Some recommended channels include:

  • Top Binary Signals Group: Offers high-accuracy signals.
  • Crypto Trading Signals: Focuses on crypto market insights.
  • Options Trading Signals: Great for learning strategies.

Joining these channels helps me stay updated and improve my trading skills!

Pocket Option Trading Groups on Telegram

Joining Pocket Option trading groups on Telegram is a fantastic way for me to connect with other traders. I can share tips and learn from their experiences. These groups focus on binary options, which makes it easier for me to find relevant information.

I love how I can get real-time updates and insights about market movements. Being part of these communities helps me make better trading decisions.

Advantages of Using Pocket Option

Using Pocket Option has many advantages! I enjoy:

  • Real-time trading updates: I get instant information about market changes.
  • Trading decision assistance: I can ask questions and get help from experienced traders.
  • Exclusive insights: I learn about unique strategies that can boost my trading success.

These benefits make my trading journey exciting and rewarding!

Best Telegram Groups for Pocket Option Traders

There are some amazing Telegram groups for Pocket Option traders! Here are a few I recommend:

  • Pocket Option Signals Group: Offers high-accuracy signals.
  • Binary Options Insights: Great for market analysis.
  • Trading Strategies Hub: Focuses on effective trading strategies.

Being in these groups helps me stay informed and improve my trading skills!

Tips for Maximizing Your Trading with Pocket Option Groups

To get the most out of Pocket Option groups, I follow these tips:

  1. Participate in discussions: Sharing my thoughts helps me learn more.
  2. Ask questions: I never hesitate to seek advice from others.
  3. Stay updated: I regularly check for new signals and strategies.

FAQ

Which Telegram channel is best for option trading?

Finding the best Telegram channel for option trading can be a bit tricky. I like to look for channels that offer high-accuracy signals and real-time updates. Some popular options include groups that focus on binary options trading. These channels often share valuable insights and strategies that help me make better trading decisions.

  • Look for active discussions: A lively group means more shared knowledge.
  • Check for trading signal accuracy: Reliable signals are key to success.
  • Explore community links: Connecting with others enhances my learning.

What is the best binary option trading?

The best binary option trading combines effective strategies with accurate signals. I enjoy using platforms like Pocket Option for its user-friendly interface. It’s important to follow market predictions and join trading groups that share insights.

  • Focus on high-accuracy signals: They guide my trades effectively.
  • Engage in trading group discussions: I learn from others’ experiences.
  • Stay updated on market movements: This helps me make informed decisions.

Which is the best trader Telegram group?

The best trader Telegram group for me is one that shares binary options trading tips and strategies. I love groups that provide real-time trading updates and market analysis. These groups help me enhance my trading experience.

  • Join groups with experienced traders: They offer valuable insights.
  • Participate in trading group recommendations: This helps me find the best strategies.
  • Look for groups with a focus on non-MTG signals: They provide unique perspectives.

Which trading signal group is best on Telegram?

The best trading signal group on Telegram is one that offers precise trading signals and market analysis. I prefer groups that focus on binary options signals and provide trading decision assistance.

  • Check for high-accuracy signals: They increase my chances of success.
  • Engage in trading group discussions: I learn from the community.
  • Explore binary options trading community: It enhances my overall trading knowledge.

Long Head of Biceps Interposition as a cause of Persistent Pain and Subluxation following Acute Anterior Shoulder Dislocation

/0 Comments/in /by

Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 5 | Issue 1 | January-June 2021 | Page — | Robert J. Burton, Anna LR Porter, Yusuf Michla

Authors:  Robert J. Burton [1], Anna LR Porter [1], Yusuf Michla [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Anna LR Porter
Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland, UK.
E-mail: Annalrporter1@gmail.com

Abstract

A 65 year old gentleman presented with persistent severe pain and joint incongruity on plain radiographs following a first time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation without concurrent fracture to the tuberosities. Further investigation with MRI scan demonstrated interposition of the long head of biceps tendon within the glenohumeral joint, causing persistent pain and the subtle incongruity seen on AP and Axillary radiographs. Under arthroscopy the tendon was grossly tendinopathic at it’s insertion into the labrum, and reduction into the inter-tubucular groove was not possible. Tenotomy was performed, which immediately resolved the patients symptoms. Repeated radiographs demonstrated that the joint congruity had been restored. This case demonstrates that long head of biceps displacement is possible without concurrent fracture, and is a rare but important cause for persistent disproportionate pain post-reduction. Radiographs should be examined carefully for any evidence of joint in-congruity, and ultrasound or MR scanning will adequately demonstrate interposition of the long head of biceps within the glenohumeral joint.

Key Words: Anterior shoulder dislocation; Biceps tendon interposition; Glenohumeral-subluxation.

References

1. Allard J, Bancroft J. Irreducible posterior dislocation of the shoulder; MR and CT findings. Journal of computer assisted tomography. 1991;15 (4); 694-696. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2061493/
2. Goldman A, Sherman O, Price A, Minkoff J. Posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder with biceps tendon interposition. The Journal of Trauma; Injury, Infection and Critical Care.1987; 27(9):1083-1086. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3656473/
3. Gudena R, Iyengar K, Nadkuri J, Loh W. Irreducible shoulder dislocation – a word of caution. Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery and Research. 2011; 97(4): 451-453. 10.1016/j.otsr.2011.02.004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21511554/
4. Seradge H, Orme G. Acute Irreducible Anterior Dislocation of the Shoulder. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection and Critical Care. 1982;22(4):330-332. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7077691/
5. Velghe A, Humblet P, Lesire M, Liselele D. Fresh posterior luxation of the shoulder: irreducibility due to interposition of the long biceps. Ap-ropos of 2 cases. Revue de chirurgie orthopaedique et reparatrice de l’appareil moteur. 1998;74(8):782-785. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3253850/
6. Wyatt A, Porrino J, Shah S, Hsu J. Irreducible superolateral dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. Skeletal Radiology. 2015:44(9);1387-1391. 10.1007/s00256-015-2183-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26051805/

How to Cite this article: Burton RJ, Porter ALR, Michla Y | Long Head of Biceps Interposition as a cause of Persistent Pain and Subluxation following Acute Anterior Shoulder Dislocation | Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | January-June 2021; 5(1): —-.

(Abstract    Full Text HTML)      (Download PDF)

Safe Elbow Surgery

/0 Comments/in /by

Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 4 | Issue 1 | January-June 2020 | Page 20-22 |  Benjamin W. Sears, Mitchell J. Sungelo, Jacqueline E. Bader, Armodios M. Hatzidakis, Charles L. Getz

Authors:  Subbiah Venkatesh Babu [1]

[1] Deparment of Orthopaedics & Trauma Surgery, Sri Sakthi Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. S Venkatesh Babu,
Consultant Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgeon, Sri Sakthi Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: drsvbabu@hotmail.com

Abstract

Today, the surgical treatment is being done for most of the elbow diseases and fractures openly, minimally invasive and arthroscopically. The complications after elbow surgery are also in significant proposition. This review exhibits the need of applied anatomical knowledge and operative skills for the surgeon who intends to operate the elbow safely.
Keywords: Safe Surgery, Trauma, Injury, Elbow.

References

1. Kelly EW et al.,(2001) , Complications of elbow arthroscopy , J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2001 Jan: 83 (1) : 23-34
2. Stanley Hoppenfeld et al., , (2009) Surgical Exposures in Orthopaedics, The Anatomic Approach, Fourth Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
3. Zhiquan An et al., (2010) Plating osteosynthesis of mid-distal humeral shaft fractures: minimally invasive versus conventional open reduction technique, International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 2010, 34 : 131-138
4. Jaechon M Kim et al., (2011) Complications of Total Elbow Arthroplasty , J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011 Jun, 19(6): 328-39
5. Reduan Elfeddali et al., (2013) Arthroscopic Elbow surgery, Is it safe? J Shoulder Elbow Surg , 2013 May; 22 (5): 647-52
6. Nelson et al., (2014) Elbow Arthroscopy: early complications and associated risk factors, J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014 Feb: 23(2) : 273-8
7. Rodrigo Kallas Zogaib et al.,(2014) Minimal Invasive Ostheosynthesis for treatment of diaphiseal transverse humeral shaft fractures, Acta Orthop Bras ., 2014; 22(2) : 94-8
8. Daniel Romano Zogbi et al., (2014) Fracture of Distal Humerus : MIPO Technique with visualisation of the Radial Nerve, Acta Orthop Bras , 2014; 22(6) : 300-3
9. Cheung EV et al., (2015) Complications of Elbow Trauma, Hand Clin, 2015, Nov; 31(4) :683-91
10. Izzak F Kodde et al., (2015) Current Concepts in the management of radial head fractures, World J Orthop 2015 December 18;6(11): p 954-960
11. Mohsen Mardani-Kivi et al., (2018), Indications, Results and Complications of Elbow Arthroscopy treatment in Eighteen Patients, Shiraz E-Med J, 2018 June ;19(6):e62606
12. William B Stetson et al., (2018) Avoiding Neurological Complications of Elbow Arthroscopy, Arthroscopy Techniques , Vol 7, No 7 (July), 2018, p717-724
13. William B Stetson et al., (2018), Neurological Complications of Elbow Arthroscopy, Recent Advances in Arthroscopic Surgery, Chapter 9, IntechOpen, p127-144
14. Olga D Savvidou et al., Complications of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of distal humerus fractures, (2018), Trauma, EFFORT Open Reviews, EOR |Volume 3|October 2018|p 558-567
15. Samuel S Ornell et al.,(2019) Fungal infection following Total Elbow Arthroplasty, Case Rep Orthop ., 2019 : Sep 4; 2019: 1-5
16. Jae-Man Kwak et al., (2019), Total Elbow Arthroplasty; Clinical Outcomes, Complications and Revision Surgery, Clinics in Orthopaedic Surgery 2019;11:p366-379
17. WHO guidelines for safe surgery: safe surgery saves lives, 2009
18. Antimicrobial stewardship: systems and processes for effective antimicrobial medicine use(2015), NICE Guidelines, UK.

How to Cite this article: Babu SV | Safe Elbow Surgery | Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | January-June 2020; 4(1): 20-22.

(Abstract    Full Text HTML)      (Download PDF)

Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Shoulder with an Irreparable Massive Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tear – A Case Report

/0 Comments/in /by

Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 4 | Issue 1 | January-June 2020 | Page 11-14 |  Dinesh Chidambaram

Authors:  Dinesh Chidambaram [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Care Superspeciality
Hospital, Neelambur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Dinesh Chidambaram,
Consultant Trauma and Arthroscopy Surgeon,
Royal Care Superspeciality Hospital, Neelambur,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: dineshchidambaram75@gmail.com

Abstract

A 65 year old gentleman presented with complaints of progressive pain over right shoulder for the past six months following fall onto his right shoulder one year back. He was diagnosed with massive retracted irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tear, for which superior capsular reconstruction with fascia lata autograft was performed. At 9 months follow up, patient has normal range of shoulder movements without any pain.
Keywords: Superior capsular reconstruction, Fascia lata graft

References

1.Inman VT, Saunders JB, Abbott LC. Observations of the function of the shoulder joint. 1944. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996:3e12.
2.Burkhart SS. Partial repair of massive rotator cuff tears: the evolution of a concept. Orthop Clin North Am. 1997; 28:125e132.
3.Parsons IM, Apreleva M, Fu FH,Woo SL. The effect of rotator cuff tears on reaction forces at the glenohumeral joint. J Orthop Res. 2002; 20:439e446.
4.Bedi A, Dines J, Warren RF, Dines DM. Massive tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010; 92:1894-1908
5.Goutallier D, Postel JM, Bernageau J, Lavau L, Voisin MC. Fatty muscle degeneration in cuff ruptures. Pre- and postoperative evaluation by CT scan. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1994; 78-83
6.Burkhart SS. Arthroscopic debridement and decompression for selected rotator cuff tears. Clinical results, pathomechanics, and patient selection based on biomechanical parameters. Orthop Clin North Am 1993; 24:111-123.
7.Rockwood CA Jr, Williams GR Jr, Burkhead WZ Jr. Debridement of degenerative, irreparable lesions of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995; 77:857-866.
8.Burkhart SS, Nottage WM, Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Kohn HS, Pachelli A. Partial repair of irreparable rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopy 1994; 10:363-370.
9.Duralde XA, Bair B. Massive rotator cuff tears: The result of partial rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005; 14:121-127.
10.Gerber C. Latissimus dorsi transfer for the treatment of irreparable tears of the rotator cuff. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992; 152-160.
11.Warner JJ, Parsons IM. Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer: A comparative analysis of primary and salvage reconstruction of massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001; 10:514-521.
12.Gerber C, Maquieira G, Espinosa N. Latissimus dorsi transfer for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88:113-120.
13.Farshad M, Gerber C. Reverse total shoulder arthroplastyfrom the most to the least common complication. Int Orthop 2010; 34:1075-1082.
14.Mihata T, Lee TQ, Watanabe C, Fukunishi K, Ohue M, Tsujimura T, et al. Clinical results of arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction for irreparable rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopy. 2013; 29(3):459-70
15.Hirahara AM, Andersen WJ, Panero AJ. Superior capsular reconstruction: clinical outcomes after minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Orthop. 2017; 44(6):266-78.
16.Burkhart SS, Denard PJ, Adams CR, Brady PC, Hartzler RU. Arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction for massive irreparable rotator cuff repair. Arthrosc Tech. 2016; 5(6):e1407-18.
17.Clark JM, Harryman DT 2nd. Tendons, ligaments, and capsule of the rotator cuff. Gross and microscopic anatomy. J Bone Joint Am. 1992; 74(5):713-25.
18.Ishihara Y, Mihata T, Tamboli M, Nguyen L, Park KP, McGarry MH, et al. Role of the superior shoulder capsule in passive stability of the glenohumeral joint. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014; 23(5):642-8.
19.Mihata T, McGarry MH, Kahn T, Goldberg I, Neo M, Lee TQ. Biomechanical effect of thickness and tension of fascia lata graft on glenohumeral stability for superior capsule reconstruction in irreparable supraspinatus tears. Arthroscopy. 2016; 32(3):418-26.
20.Mihata T, Bui CNH, Akeda M, Cavagnaro MA, Kuenzler M, Peterson AB, et al. A biomechanical cadaveric study comparing superior capsule reconstruction using fascia lata allograft with human dermal allograft for irreparable rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017; 26(12):2158-66.
21.Mihata T, McGarry MH, Kahn T, Goldberg I, Neo M, Lee TQ. Biomechanical effects of acromioplasty on superior capsule reconstruction for irreparable supraspinatus tendon tears. Am J Sports Med. 2016; 44(1):191-7.
22.Mihata T, McGarry MH, Kahn T, Goldberg I, Neo M, Lee TQ. Biomechanical role of capsular continuity in superior capsule reconstruction for irreparable tears of the supraspinatus tendon. Am J Sports Med. 2016; 44(6):1423-30

How to Cite this article: Chidambaram D | Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Shoulder with an Irreparable Massive Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tear – A Case Report | Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | January-June 2020; 4(1): 11-14.

(Abstract    Full Text HTML)      (Download PDF)

Proximal Humerus Fracture: Surgical Outcome and Complications in A Prospective Study Of 99 Patients and review of literature

/0 Comments/in /by

Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 4 | Issue 1 | January-June 2020 | Page 15-19 |  Dheeraj Attarde, Dhruv Verma, Chetan Puram, Chetan Pradhan, Atul Patil, Parag Sancheti, Ashok Shyam

Authors:  Dheeraj Attarde [1], Dhruv Verma [1], Chetan Puram [1], Chetan Pradhan [1], Atul Patil [1], Parag Sancheti [1], Ashok Shyam [1,2]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, India.
[2] Indian Orthopaedic Research Group, Thane, India.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Dheeraj Attarde,
Sancheti Institute of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, India.
E-mail: dheerajattarde@yahoo.co.in

Abstract

Objective: To report the outcomes of proximal humerus fracture operated with angular stability locking plate with regards to fracture pattern.
Design: Prospective clinical study.
Setting: Level 1 trauma center.
Patients: During a 24-month period, 99 patients with proximal humerus fracture with OTA type 11A, 11B, 11c were treated operatively with open reduction and internal fixation with angular stability locking plate at a level 1 trauma center. 37 patients were OTA type 11A, 33 and 29 patients were OTA 11B and OTA 11C respectively.
Main Outcome Measurements: Radiological outcome, functional outcome and complication of proximal humerus fractures with respect to fracture pattern, age, and gender.
Results: At 1 year follow up DASH score, Constant Murley score and range of motion showed a significant difference with respect to fracture type. Outcome was better in <50years of age group while gender showed no difference. Varus collapse was observed with 5 cases, stiffness and restricted mobility in 4 patients, implant loosening and avascular necrosis in 3 patients each, post op infection, rotator cuff weakness, screw backout, screw penetration and sub acromial impingement due to superior plate placement was found in 1 patient each.
Conclusions: Angular Locking plate fixation for proximal humerus fracture gives satisfactory results, good functional and radiological outcome. Occurrence of complications is independent of age and gender. Older patients (>50 years of age) have inferior functional outcomes as compared to younger patients (<50 years of age).
Keywords: PHILOS, Angular stability locking compression plate, Proximal humerus fracture, Neer’s fracture.

References

1. Roux A, Decroocq L, El Batti S, Bonnevialle N, Moineau G, Trojani C, Boileau P, de Peretti F. Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures managed in a trauma center. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2012 Oct 1;98(6):715-9.
2. Launonen AP, Lepola V, Saranko A, Flinkkilä T, Laitinen M, Mattila VM. Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures. Archives of osteoporosis. 2015 Dec 1;10(1):2.
3. Palvanen M, Kannus P, Niemi S, Parkkari J. Update in the epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007). 2006 Jan 1;442:87-92.
4. Baron JA, Barrett JA, Karagas MR. The epidemiology of peripheral fractures. Bone. 1996 Mar 1;18(3):S209-13.
5. Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2001 Jan 1;72(4):365-71.
6. Schumaier A, Grawe B. Proximal humerus fractures: evaluation and management in the elderly patient. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2018; 9: 2151458517750516.
7. Zyto K. Non-operative treatment of comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients. Injury. 1998 Jun 1;29(5):349-52..
8. Russo R, Lombardi LV, Ciccarelli M, Giudice G, Cautiero F. A new osteosynthesis device for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. Description of the technique and preliminary results. La Chirurgia degli organi di movimento. 2008 Jan 1;91(1):27-34.
9. Plecko M, Kraus A. Internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures using the locking proximal humerus plate. Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie. 2005 Feb;17(1):25-50.
10. Handschin AE, Cardell M, Contaldo C, Trentz O, Wanner GA. Functional results of angular-stable plate fixation in displaced proximal humeral fractures. Injury. 2008 Mar 1;39(3):306-13.
11. Helwig P, Bahrs C, Epple B, Oehm J, Eingartner C, Weise K. Does fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis solve the problems of a fractured proximal humerus? A prospective series of 87 patients. Acta orthopaedica. 2009 Jan 1;80(1):92-6.
12. Sproul RC, Iyengar JJ, Devcic Z, Feeley BT. A systematic review of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Injury. 2011 Apr 1;42(4):408-13.
13. Thanasas C, Kontakis G, Angoules A, Limb D, Giannoudis P. Treatment of proximal humerus fractures with locking plates: a systematic review. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2009 Nov 1;18(6):837-44.
14. Sharafeldin KN, Quinlan JF, Corrigan J, Kelly IP. Functional follow-up of locking plate fixation of fractures of the proximal humerus. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology. 2008 Feb 1;18(2):87-92.
15. Kettler M, Biberthaler P, Braunstein V, Zeiler C, Kroetz M, Mutschler W. Treatment of proximal humeral fractures with the PHILOS angular stable plate. Presentation of 225 cases of dislocated fractures. Der Unfallchirurg. 2006 Dec;109(12):1032-40.
16. Vijayvargiya M, Pathak A, Gaur S. Outcome analysis of locking plate fixation in proximal humerus fracture. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2016 Aug;10(8):RC01.
17. Südkamp NP, Audigé L, Lambert S, Hertel R, Konrad G. Path analysis of factors for functional outcome at one year in 463 proximal humeral fractures. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2011 Dec 1;20(8):1207-16.
18. Aggarwal S, Bali K, Dhillon MS, Kumar V, Mootha AK. Displaced proximal humeral fractures: an Indian experience with locking plates. Journal of Orthopaedic surgery and research. 2010 Dec;5(1):60.
19. Kohli S, Sikdar J. Management of proximal humerus fracture with PHILOS (Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System): A prospective study. International Journal of Orthopaedics. 2018;4(1):15-7.
20. Jose TM, Paul AG. Evaluation of the Outcome of Proximal Humerus Fracture Managed By Internal Locking Plate-A Prospective Study.
21. Fazal MA, Haddad FS. Philos plate fixation for displaced proximal humeral fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 2009 Apr;17(1):15-8.
22. Krappinger D, Bizzotto N, Riedmann S, Kammerlander C, Hengg C, Kralinger FS. Predicting failure after surgical fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Injury. 2011 Nov 1;42(11):1283-8.
23. Agudelo J, Schürmann M, Stahel P, Helwig P, Morgan SJ, Zechel W, Bahrs C, Parekh A, Ziran B, Williams A, Smith W. Analysis of efficacy and failure in proximal humerus fractures treated with locking plates. Journal of orthopaedic trauma. 2007 Nov 1;21(10):676-81.
24. Zhang L, Zheng J, Wang W, Lin G, Huang Y, Zheng J, Prince GA, Yang G. The clinical benefit of medial support screws in locking plating of proximal humerus fractures: a prospective randomized study. International orthopaedics. 2011 Nov 1;35(11):1655-61.
25. Hirschmann MT, Quarz V, Audigé L, Ludin D, Messmer P, Regazzoni P, Gross T. Internal fixation of unstable proximal humerus fractures with an anatomically preshaped interlocking plate: a clinical and radiologic evaluation. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2007 Dec 1;63(6):1314-23.
26. Gardner MJ, Weil Y, Barker JU, Kelly BT, Helfet DL, Lorich DG. The importance of medial support in locked plating of proximal humerus fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(3):185–91.
27. Voigt C, Hurschler C, Rech L, Vosshenrich R, Lill H. Additive fiber-cerclages in proximal humeral fractures stabilized by locking plates: no effect on fracture stabilization and rotator cuff function in human shoulder specimens. Acta orthopaedica. 2009 Jan 1;80(4):465-71.
28. Shulman BS, Egol KA. Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Proximal Humerus Fractures. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases. 2013 Oct 2;71.
29. Aliuddin AM, Idrees Z, Zamir M, Najjad MK, Shah SA. Functional outcome of proximal humeral fractures treated with PHILOS plate in adults. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2016 Jun 1;28(2):337-40.
30. Owsley KC, Gorczyca JT. Displacement/screw cutout after open reduction and locked plate fixation of humeral fractures. JBJS. 2008 Feb 1;90(2):233-40.
31. Hepp P, Theopold J, Voigt C, Engel T, Josten C, Lill H. The surgical approach for locking plate osteosynthesis of displaced proximal humeral fractures influences the functional outcome. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2008 Jan 1;17(1):21-8.
32. Koukakis A, Apostolou CD, Taneja T, Korres DS, Amini A. Fixation of proximal humerus fractures using the PHILOS plate: early experience. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 2006 Jan 1;442:115-20.
33. Südkamp N, Bayer J, Hepp P, Voigt C, Oestern H, Kääb M, Luo C, Plecko M, Wendt K, Köstler W, Konrad G. Open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures with use of the locking proximal humerus plate: results of a prospective, multicenter, observational study. JBJS. 2009 Jun 1;91(6):1320-8.

How to Cite this article: Attarde D, Verma D, Puram C, Pradhan C, Patil A, Sancheti P, Shyam A | Proximal Humerus Fracture: Surgical Outcome and Complications in A Prospective Study Of 99 Patients and review of literature | Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | January-June 2020; 4(1): 15-19.

(Abstract    Full Text HTML)      (Download PDF)