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Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery by http://asesjournal.com/ is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
ISSN 2457-0338
Amusing Sobriety Quotes to Brighten Your Day Laughing Through Recovery
/0 Comments/in Sober living /by wp_supportThe actor was a confessed alcoholic, and I cannot think of a better wish for anyone living an alcohol-free life. Think of the last three steps and the work we need to do to stay sober. Two great sober sayings things about sober fun are waking up without a hangover and remembering the fun.
🙌 Meaningful Inspirational Sober Anniversary Quotes to Share with Others
It reminds you that even painful experiences can become sources of strength. Sober phrases create instant connection in group settings because they tap into shared experiences and universal hopes. At The River Source, we’ve seen how the right discussion starter can transform a room full of strangers into a supportive community.
How many sober phrases should I focus on each day?
It reminds you that recovery is about moving forward, even if Drug rehabilitation that progress includes setbacks. You’re not trying to be perfect – you’re trying to grow. “Recovery is not a race” helps when you feel like you’re “behind” or should be further along. Everyone’s timeline is different, and comparing your recovery to someone else’s is like comparing your chapter 3 to their chapter 20.
Inspirational Recovery Quotes
Most people find success with just 2-3 meaningful phrases that they can really connect with. Think of it like this – you wouldn’t try to learn five new songs on guitar in one day. You’d pick one or two and practice them until they become second nature. “Your sobriety is inspiring” works well when you want to show support without making them feel like they have to educate you about addiction. It puts the focus on their courage rather than their past struggles. When someone trusts you enough to share their recovery journey, your response becomes part of their story.
Below, we have offered a selection of affirmations that, according to twelve individuals within an AA group, can be turned to each day for motivation and guidance. I’ve got a friend who’s addicted to drinking brake fluid. If you like these quotes and sayings, then you can also read my other popular blog posts on the topics of Frustration quotes and Pineapple quotes and Pink quotes. Waking up clean and sober is the first gift of every day.
Heartfelt 12th Anniversary Quotes to Celebrate Love in Style
They remind you why you started this journey and give you strength to keep going when everything feels impossible. One of my favorite ways to keep myself inspired is by writing motivational recovery quotes in my sober journal. Celebrating your sobriety milestones with beautiful quotes throughout the pages makes me want to pick it up and write and spend time in it. These 100 quotes can help you understand why you turn to alcohol or drugs, galvanize you to confront your substance abuse, and inspire you to fix it.
Even the ordinary days, especially the ordinary days, are proof of your strength and commitment to a better life. You’re not missing out on life – you’re finally showing up for it. When you’re feeling defeated by setbacks or comparing yourself to others, “recovery is not a race” offers gentle perspective. Some people seem to bounce back quickly, while others need more time to find their footing. “I choose recovery today” puts the power back in your hands. Instead of feeling like sobriety is something being forced on you, this phrase reminds you that recovery is an active choice you make each morning when you wake up.
How Can I Be Sober Happy?
It’s been a journey of ups, downs, and everything in between, with more plot twists than a telenovela. To celebrate, I’ve decided to dive into the world of both wholesome and sobriety memes that hit just the right note between hilarity and heartfelt truth. These phrases can help to remind a recovering addict that they are not alone, and that they have people around them who are rooting for them and will help them through the process. Remember, sobriety doesn’t have to be all serious and solemn.
Getting Sober Quotes for Inspiration
These sober phrases help you develop what therapists call “recovery capital” – the internal resources that protect your sobriety. Sober phrases are short, powerful statements that help people in addiction recovery stay motivated, focused, and grounded during challenging moments. These affirmations and mantras serve as mental anchors when cravings hit, self-doubt creeps in, or life feels overwhelming.
How Much Do You Need to Make to File Taxes in California?
/0 Comments/in Bookkeeping /by wp_supportWe do not include the universe of companies or financial offers that may be available to you. We are an independent, advertising-supported comparison service. We are constantly looking for ways to make your tax filing easier. This includes up-to-date methods, quicker submissions and improved accuracy. Check each agency for the filing method that is best for you or your business.
Tax filing
There are nine tax brackets, starting at 1% and going up to 12.3%. If your adjusted gross income crosses $1 million, a 1% mental health services tax surcharge applies, raising the marginal tax rate to 13.3%. California uses a graduated-rate income tax system, meaning the more money you earn, the higher your tax rate.
California Single Filer Standard Deduction
The Small Business Assistance Center provides links to agencies and organizations that will help you start, run, and close your business. Chris Hutchison helped build NerdWallet’s editorial operation and has directed coverage across banking, investing, taxes and insurance. Before joining NerdWallet, he was an editor and programmer at ESPN and an editor at the San Jose Mercury News. This link will take you to an Sales Forecasting external website that FTB does not own or control. We are not responsible for the privacy practices or content of the external site.
Other things to know about California taxes
California collects a general property tax of one percent of the value of a home, with other additional taxes (usually around 0.25 percent) applied locally by various cities and districts. This means that California’s average effective property tax rate is 0.71 percent, below the national rate of 0.99 percent. Katelyn has more than 6 years of experience working in tax and finance.
Do I need to file California state taxes?
Taxpayers might also qualify for education-related credits. These support ongoing learning and skill development. Reviewing this decision each year can optimize your tax situation. Tax laws change, affecting california income tax rate deductions and potential savings.
The standard deduction for a Head of Household Filer in California for 2025 is $ 5,363.00. In some cases, you might be a nonresident for tax purposes even if you live in California but you were out of state for at least 546 consecutive days because of an employment-related contract. Generally, you’re a part-year resident of California if you were a nonresident for some of the tax year. This is often the case for people who moved to net sales California from another state.
Who Must File a California Tax Return?
But if the gift or inheritance later produces income, you will need to pay taxes on that income.California does not have an estate tax; however, an estate is subject to income taxes. The mechanism of FICA taxation involves a dual contribution system where both the employer and the employee contribute a set percentage of the employee’s income towards these programs. The tax is applied to wages, salaries, and other compensation within certain thresholds, which are adjusted periodically.
California has ten marginal tax brackets, ranging from 1% (the lowest California tax bracket) to 13.3% (the highest California tax bracket). Each marginal rate only applies to earnings within the applicable marginal tax bracket. Once you’ve filed your tax return, all you have to do is wait for your refund to arrive. If you want to check the status of your California tax refund, you can visit the California Income Tax Refund page. Let’s not forget the tax that most California residents get to pay each week when they refill their gas tanks.
Long Head of Biceps Interposition as a cause of Persistent Pain and Subluxation following Acute Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
/0 Comments/in Vol 5 | Issue 1| January-June 2021 /by ASESADMIN2016Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 5 | Issue 1 | January-June 2021 | Page — | Robert J. Burton, Anna LR Porter, Yusuf Michla
Authors: Robert J. Burton [1], Anna LR Porter [1], Yusuf Michla [1]
[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK.
Address of Correspondence
Dr. Anna LR Porter
Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland, UK.
E-mail: Annalrporter1@gmail.com
Abstract
A 65 year old gentleman presented with persistent severe pain and joint incongruity on plain radiographs following a first time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation without concurrent fracture to the tuberosities. Further investigation with MRI scan demonstrated interposition of the long head of biceps tendon within the glenohumeral joint, causing persistent pain and the subtle incongruity seen on AP and Axillary radiographs. Under arthroscopy the tendon was grossly tendinopathic at it’s insertion into the labrum, and reduction into the inter-tubucular groove was not possible. Tenotomy was performed, which immediately resolved the patients symptoms. Repeated radiographs demonstrated that the joint congruity had been restored. This case demonstrates that long head of biceps displacement is possible without concurrent fracture, and is a rare but important cause for persistent disproportionate pain post-reduction. Radiographs should be examined carefully for any evidence of joint in-congruity, and ultrasound or MR scanning will adequately demonstrate interposition of the long head of biceps within the glenohumeral joint.
Key Words: Anterior shoulder dislocation; Biceps tendon interposition; Glenohumeral-subluxation.
References
1. Allard J, Bancroft J. Irreducible posterior dislocation of the shoulder; MR and CT findings. Journal of computer assisted tomography. 1991;15 (4); 694-696. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2061493/
2. Goldman A, Sherman O, Price A, Minkoff J. Posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder with biceps tendon interposition. The Journal of Trauma; Injury, Infection and Critical Care.1987; 27(9):1083-1086. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3656473/
3. Gudena R, Iyengar K, Nadkuri J, Loh W. Irreducible shoulder dislocation – a word of caution. Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery and Research. 2011; 97(4): 451-453. 10.1016/j.otsr.2011.02.004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21511554/
4. Seradge H, Orme G. Acute Irreducible Anterior Dislocation of the Shoulder. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection and Critical Care. 1982;22(4):330-332. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7077691/
5. Velghe A, Humblet P, Lesire M, Liselele D. Fresh posterior luxation of the shoulder: irreducibility due to interposition of the long biceps. Ap-ropos of 2 cases. Revue de chirurgie orthopaedique et reparatrice de l’appareil moteur. 1998;74(8):782-785. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3253850/
6. Wyatt A, Porrino J, Shah S, Hsu J. Irreducible superolateral dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. Skeletal Radiology. 2015:44(9);1387-1391. 10.1007/s00256-015-2183-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26051805/
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Safe Elbow Surgery
/0 Comments/in Vol 4 | Issue 1| Jan-June 2020 /by ASESADMIN2016Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 4 | Issue 1 | January-June 2020 | Page 20-22 | Benjamin W. Sears, Mitchell J. Sungelo, Jacqueline E. Bader, Armodios M. Hatzidakis, Charles L. Getz
Authors: Subbiah Venkatesh Babu [1]
[1] Deparment of Orthopaedics & Trauma Surgery, Sri Sakthi Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Address of Correspondence
Dr. S Venkatesh Babu,
Consultant Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgeon, Sri Sakthi Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: drsvbabu@hotmail.com
Abstract
Today, the surgical treatment is being done for most of the elbow diseases and fractures openly, minimally invasive and arthroscopically. The complications after elbow surgery are also in significant proposition. This review exhibits the need of applied anatomical knowledge and operative skills for the surgeon who intends to operate the elbow safely.
Keywords: Safe Surgery, Trauma, Injury, Elbow.
References
1. Kelly EW et al.,(2001) , Complications of elbow arthroscopy , J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2001 Jan: 83 (1) : 23-34
2. Stanley Hoppenfeld et al., , (2009) Surgical Exposures in Orthopaedics, The Anatomic Approach, Fourth Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
3. Zhiquan An et al., (2010) Plating osteosynthesis of mid-distal humeral shaft fractures: minimally invasive versus conventional open reduction technique, International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 2010, 34 : 131-138
4. Jaechon M Kim et al., (2011) Complications of Total Elbow Arthroplasty , J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011 Jun, 19(6): 328-39
5. Reduan Elfeddali et al., (2013) Arthroscopic Elbow surgery, Is it safe? J Shoulder Elbow Surg , 2013 May; 22 (5): 647-52
6. Nelson et al., (2014) Elbow Arthroscopy: early complications and associated risk factors, J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014 Feb: 23(2) : 273-8
7. Rodrigo Kallas Zogaib et al.,(2014) Minimal Invasive Ostheosynthesis for treatment of diaphiseal transverse humeral shaft fractures, Acta Orthop Bras ., 2014; 22(2) : 94-8
8. Daniel Romano Zogbi et al., (2014) Fracture of Distal Humerus : MIPO Technique with visualisation of the Radial Nerve, Acta Orthop Bras , 2014; 22(6) : 300-3
9. Cheung EV et al., (2015) Complications of Elbow Trauma, Hand Clin, 2015, Nov; 31(4) :683-91
10. Izzak F Kodde et al., (2015) Current Concepts in the management of radial head fractures, World J Orthop 2015 December 18;6(11): p 954-960
11. Mohsen Mardani-Kivi et al., (2018), Indications, Results and Complications of Elbow Arthroscopy treatment in Eighteen Patients, Shiraz E-Med J, 2018 June ;19(6):e62606
12. William B Stetson et al., (2018) Avoiding Neurological Complications of Elbow Arthroscopy, Arthroscopy Techniques , Vol 7, No 7 (July), 2018, p717-724
13. William B Stetson et al., (2018), Neurological Complications of Elbow Arthroscopy, Recent Advances in Arthroscopic Surgery, Chapter 9, IntechOpen, p127-144
14. Olga D Savvidou et al., Complications of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of distal humerus fractures, (2018), Trauma, EFFORT Open Reviews, EOR |Volume 3|October 2018|p 558-567
15. Samuel S Ornell et al.,(2019) Fungal infection following Total Elbow Arthroplasty, Case Rep Orthop ., 2019 : Sep 4; 2019: 1-5
16. Jae-Man Kwak et al., (2019), Total Elbow Arthroplasty; Clinical Outcomes, Complications and Revision Surgery, Clinics in Orthopaedic Surgery 2019;11:p366-379
17. WHO guidelines for safe surgery: safe surgery saves lives, 2009
18. Antimicrobial stewardship: systems and processes for effective antimicrobial medicine use(2015), NICE Guidelines, UK.
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Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Shoulder with an Irreparable Massive Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tear – A Case Report
/0 Comments/in Uncategorized /by ASESADMIN2016Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 4 | Issue 1 | January-June 2020 | Page 11-14 | Dinesh Chidambaram
Authors: Dinesh Chidambaram [1]
[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Care Superspeciality
Hospital, Neelambur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Address of Correspondence
Dr. Dinesh Chidambaram,
Consultant Trauma and Arthroscopy Surgeon,
Royal Care Superspeciality Hospital, Neelambur,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: dineshchidambaram75@gmail.com
Abstract
A 65 year old gentleman presented with complaints of progressive pain over right shoulder for the past six months following fall onto his right shoulder one year back. He was diagnosed with massive retracted irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tear, for which superior capsular reconstruction with fascia lata autograft was performed. At 9 months follow up, patient has normal range of shoulder movements without any pain.
Keywords: Superior capsular reconstruction, Fascia lata graft
References
1.Inman VT, Saunders JB, Abbott LC. Observations of the function of the shoulder joint. 1944. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996:3e12.
2.Burkhart SS. Partial repair of massive rotator cuff tears: the evolution of a concept. Orthop Clin North Am. 1997; 28:125e132.
3.Parsons IM, Apreleva M, Fu FH,Woo SL. The effect of rotator cuff tears on reaction forces at the glenohumeral joint. J Orthop Res. 2002; 20:439e446.
4.Bedi A, Dines J, Warren RF, Dines DM. Massive tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010; 92:1894-1908
5.Goutallier D, Postel JM, Bernageau J, Lavau L, Voisin MC. Fatty muscle degeneration in cuff ruptures. Pre- and postoperative evaluation by CT scan. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1994; 78-83
6.Burkhart SS. Arthroscopic debridement and decompression for selected rotator cuff tears. Clinical results, pathomechanics, and patient selection based on biomechanical parameters. Orthop Clin North Am 1993; 24:111-123.
7.Rockwood CA Jr, Williams GR Jr, Burkhead WZ Jr. Debridement of degenerative, irreparable lesions of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995; 77:857-866.
8.Burkhart SS, Nottage WM, Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Kohn HS, Pachelli A. Partial repair of irreparable rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopy 1994; 10:363-370.
9.Duralde XA, Bair B. Massive rotator cuff tears: The result of partial rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005; 14:121-127.
10.Gerber C. Latissimus dorsi transfer for the treatment of irreparable tears of the rotator cuff. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992; 152-160.
11.Warner JJ, Parsons IM. Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer: A comparative analysis of primary and salvage reconstruction of massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001; 10:514-521.
12.Gerber C, Maquieira G, Espinosa N. Latissimus dorsi transfer for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88:113-120.
13.Farshad M, Gerber C. Reverse total shoulder arthroplastyfrom the most to the least common complication. Int Orthop 2010; 34:1075-1082.
14.Mihata T, Lee TQ, Watanabe C, Fukunishi K, Ohue M, Tsujimura T, et al. Clinical results of arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction for irreparable rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopy. 2013; 29(3):459-70
15.Hirahara AM, Andersen WJ, Panero AJ. Superior capsular reconstruction: clinical outcomes after minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Orthop. 2017; 44(6):266-78.
16.Burkhart SS, Denard PJ, Adams CR, Brady PC, Hartzler RU. Arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction for massive irreparable rotator cuff repair. Arthrosc Tech. 2016; 5(6):e1407-18.
17.Clark JM, Harryman DT 2nd. Tendons, ligaments, and capsule of the rotator cuff. Gross and microscopic anatomy. J Bone Joint Am. 1992; 74(5):713-25.
18.Ishihara Y, Mihata T, Tamboli M, Nguyen L, Park KP, McGarry MH, et al. Role of the superior shoulder capsule in passive stability of the glenohumeral joint. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014; 23(5):642-8.
19.Mihata T, McGarry MH, Kahn T, Goldberg I, Neo M, Lee TQ. Biomechanical effect of thickness and tension of fascia lata graft on glenohumeral stability for superior capsule reconstruction in irreparable supraspinatus tears. Arthroscopy. 2016; 32(3):418-26.
20.Mihata T, Bui CNH, Akeda M, Cavagnaro MA, Kuenzler M, Peterson AB, et al. A biomechanical cadaveric study comparing superior capsule reconstruction using fascia lata allograft with human dermal allograft for irreparable rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017; 26(12):2158-66.
21.Mihata T, McGarry MH, Kahn T, Goldberg I, Neo M, Lee TQ. Biomechanical effects of acromioplasty on superior capsule reconstruction for irreparable supraspinatus tendon tears. Am J Sports Med. 2016; 44(1):191-7.
22.Mihata T, McGarry MH, Kahn T, Goldberg I, Neo M, Lee TQ. Biomechanical role of capsular continuity in superior capsule reconstruction for irreparable tears of the supraspinatus tendon. Am J Sports Med. 2016; 44(6):1423-30
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Proximal Humerus Fracture: Surgical Outcome and Complications in A Prospective Study Of 99 Patients and review of literature
/0 Comments/in Vol 4 | Issue 1| Jan-June 2020 /by ASESADMIN2016Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery | Volume 4 | Issue 1 | January-June 2020 | Page 15-19 | Dheeraj Attarde, Dhruv Verma, Chetan Puram, Chetan Pradhan, Atul Patil, Parag Sancheti, Ashok Shyam
Authors: Dheeraj Attarde [1], Dhruv Verma [1], Chetan Puram [1], Chetan Pradhan [1], Atul Patil [1], Parag Sancheti [1], Ashok Shyam [1,2]
[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, India.
[2] Indian Orthopaedic Research Group, Thane, India.
Address of Correspondence
Dr. Dheeraj Attarde,
Sancheti Institute of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, India.
E-mail: dheerajattarde@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
Objective: To report the outcomes of proximal humerus fracture operated with angular stability locking plate with regards to fracture pattern.
Design: Prospective clinical study.
Setting: Level 1 trauma center.
Patients: During a 24-month period, 99 patients with proximal humerus fracture with OTA type 11A, 11B, 11c were treated operatively with open reduction and internal fixation with angular stability locking plate at a level 1 trauma center. 37 patients were OTA type 11A, 33 and 29 patients were OTA 11B and OTA 11C respectively.
Main Outcome Measurements: Radiological outcome, functional outcome and complication of proximal humerus fractures with respect to fracture pattern, age, and gender.
Results: At 1 year follow up DASH score, Constant Murley score and range of motion showed a significant difference with respect to fracture type. Outcome was better in <50years of age group while gender showed no difference. Varus collapse was observed with 5 cases, stiffness and restricted mobility in 4 patients, implant loosening and avascular necrosis in 3 patients each, post op infection, rotator cuff weakness, screw backout, screw penetration and sub acromial impingement due to superior plate placement was found in 1 patient each.
Conclusions: Angular Locking plate fixation for proximal humerus fracture gives satisfactory results, good functional and radiological outcome. Occurrence of complications is independent of age and gender. Older patients (>50 years of age) have inferior functional outcomes as compared to younger patients (<50 years of age).
Keywords: PHILOS, Angular stability locking compression plate, Proximal humerus fracture, Neer’s fracture.
References
1. Roux A, Decroocq L, El Batti S, Bonnevialle N, Moineau G, Trojani C, Boileau P, de Peretti F. Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures managed in a trauma center. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2012 Oct 1;98(6):715-9.
2. Launonen AP, Lepola V, Saranko A, Flinkkilä T, Laitinen M, Mattila VM. Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures. Archives of osteoporosis. 2015 Dec 1;10(1):2.
3. Palvanen M, Kannus P, Niemi S, Parkkari J. Update in the epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007). 2006 Jan 1;442:87-92.
4. Baron JA, Barrett JA, Karagas MR. The epidemiology of peripheral fractures. Bone. 1996 Mar 1;18(3):S209-13.
5. Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2001 Jan 1;72(4):365-71.
6. Schumaier A, Grawe B. Proximal humerus fractures: evaluation and management in the elderly patient. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2018; 9: 2151458517750516.
7. Zyto K. Non-operative treatment of comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients. Injury. 1998 Jun 1;29(5):349-52..
8. Russo R, Lombardi LV, Ciccarelli M, Giudice G, Cautiero F. A new osteosynthesis device for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. Description of the technique and preliminary results. La Chirurgia degli organi di movimento. 2008 Jan 1;91(1):27-34.
9. Plecko M, Kraus A. Internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures using the locking proximal humerus plate. Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie. 2005 Feb;17(1):25-50.
10. Handschin AE, Cardell M, Contaldo C, Trentz O, Wanner GA. Functional results of angular-stable plate fixation in displaced proximal humeral fractures. Injury. 2008 Mar 1;39(3):306-13.
11. Helwig P, Bahrs C, Epple B, Oehm J, Eingartner C, Weise K. Does fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis solve the problems of a fractured proximal humerus? A prospective series of 87 patients. Acta orthopaedica. 2009 Jan 1;80(1):92-6.
12. Sproul RC, Iyengar JJ, Devcic Z, Feeley BT. A systematic review of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Injury. 2011 Apr 1;42(4):408-13.
13. Thanasas C, Kontakis G, Angoules A, Limb D, Giannoudis P. Treatment of proximal humerus fractures with locking plates: a systematic review. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2009 Nov 1;18(6):837-44.
14. Sharafeldin KN, Quinlan JF, Corrigan J, Kelly IP. Functional follow-up of locking plate fixation of fractures of the proximal humerus. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology. 2008 Feb 1;18(2):87-92.
15. Kettler M, Biberthaler P, Braunstein V, Zeiler C, Kroetz M, Mutschler W. Treatment of proximal humeral fractures with the PHILOS angular stable plate. Presentation of 225 cases of dislocated fractures. Der Unfallchirurg. 2006 Dec;109(12):1032-40.
16. Vijayvargiya M, Pathak A, Gaur S. Outcome analysis of locking plate fixation in proximal humerus fracture. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2016 Aug;10(8):RC01.
17. Südkamp NP, Audigé L, Lambert S, Hertel R, Konrad G. Path analysis of factors for functional outcome at one year in 463 proximal humeral fractures. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2011 Dec 1;20(8):1207-16.
18. Aggarwal S, Bali K, Dhillon MS, Kumar V, Mootha AK. Displaced proximal humeral fractures: an Indian experience with locking plates. Journal of Orthopaedic surgery and research. 2010 Dec;5(1):60.
19. Kohli S, Sikdar J. Management of proximal humerus fracture with PHILOS (Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System): A prospective study. International Journal of Orthopaedics. 2018;4(1):15-7.
20. Jose TM, Paul AG. Evaluation of the Outcome of Proximal Humerus Fracture Managed By Internal Locking Plate-A Prospective Study.
21. Fazal MA, Haddad FS. Philos plate fixation for displaced proximal humeral fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 2009 Apr;17(1):15-8.
22. Krappinger D, Bizzotto N, Riedmann S, Kammerlander C, Hengg C, Kralinger FS. Predicting failure after surgical fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Injury. 2011 Nov 1;42(11):1283-8.
23. Agudelo J, Schürmann M, Stahel P, Helwig P, Morgan SJ, Zechel W, Bahrs C, Parekh A, Ziran B, Williams A, Smith W. Analysis of efficacy and failure in proximal humerus fractures treated with locking plates. Journal of orthopaedic trauma. 2007 Nov 1;21(10):676-81.
24. Zhang L, Zheng J, Wang W, Lin G, Huang Y, Zheng J, Prince GA, Yang G. The clinical benefit of medial support screws in locking plating of proximal humerus fractures: a prospective randomized study. International orthopaedics. 2011 Nov 1;35(11):1655-61.
25. Hirschmann MT, Quarz V, Audigé L, Ludin D, Messmer P, Regazzoni P, Gross T. Internal fixation of unstable proximal humerus fractures with an anatomically preshaped interlocking plate: a clinical and radiologic evaluation. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2007 Dec 1;63(6):1314-23.
26. Gardner MJ, Weil Y, Barker JU, Kelly BT, Helfet DL, Lorich DG. The importance of medial support in locked plating of proximal humerus fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(3):185–91.
27. Voigt C, Hurschler C, Rech L, Vosshenrich R, Lill H. Additive fiber-cerclages in proximal humeral fractures stabilized by locking plates: no effect on fracture stabilization and rotator cuff function in human shoulder specimens. Acta orthopaedica. 2009 Jan 1;80(4):465-71.
28. Shulman BS, Egol KA. Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Proximal Humerus Fractures. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases. 2013 Oct 2;71.
29. Aliuddin AM, Idrees Z, Zamir M, Najjad MK, Shah SA. Functional outcome of proximal humeral fractures treated with PHILOS plate in adults. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2016 Jun 1;28(2):337-40.
30. Owsley KC, Gorczyca JT. Displacement/screw cutout after open reduction and locked plate fixation of humeral fractures. JBJS. 2008 Feb 1;90(2):233-40.
31. Hepp P, Theopold J, Voigt C, Engel T, Josten C, Lill H. The surgical approach for locking plate osteosynthesis of displaced proximal humeral fractures influences the functional outcome. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2008 Jan 1;17(1):21-8.
32. Koukakis A, Apostolou CD, Taneja T, Korres DS, Amini A. Fixation of proximal humerus fractures using the PHILOS plate: early experience. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 2006 Jan 1;442:115-20.
33. Südkamp N, Bayer J, Hepp P, Voigt C, Oestern H, Kääb M, Luo C, Plecko M, Wendt K, Köstler W, Konrad G. Open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures with use of the locking proximal humerus plate: results of a prospective, multicenter, observational study. JBJS. 2009 Jun 1;91(6):1320-8.
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